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---
title: bovender's personal cheat sheet
description: >
On this page, I collect bits and pieces of information that I
never seem to be able to memorize. This stuff is helpful for me
and maybe it is helpful for you, too, internet wanderer.
date: 2024-11-05T08:00:00+0100
draft: false
---
{{< git-info > }}
{{< param " description " > }}
## R
### Print R objects so that they can be re-generated from code
```r
# dput takes an R object
dput(x, file = "", control = c("keepNA", "keepInteger", "niceNames", "showAttributes"))
dget(file, keep.source = FALSE)
# dump takes a list of R object names
dump(list, file = "dumpdata.R", append = FALSE, control = "all", envir = parent.frame(), evaluate = TRUE)
```
Example:
``` r
library(dplyr)
my_data < -
starwars |>
select(species, homeworld)
dput(my_data)
#> structure(list(species = c("Human", "Droid", "Droid", "Human",
#> "Human", "Human", "Human", "Droid", "Human", "Human", "Human",
#> "Human", "Wookiee", "Human", "Rodian", "Hutt", "Human", NA, "Yoda's species",
#> "Human", "Human", "Droid", "Trandoshan", "Human", "Human", "Mon Calamari",
#> "Human", "Human", "Ewok", "Sullustan", "Human", "Neimodian",
#> "Human", "Human", "Gungan", "Gungan", "Gungan", "Human", "Toydarian",
#> "Dug", "Human", "Human", "Zabrak", "Twi'lek", "Twi'lek", "Aleena",
#> "Vulptereen", "Xexto", "Toong", "Human", "Cerean", "Nautolan",
#> "Zabrak", "Tholothian", "Iktotchi", "Quermian", "Kel Dor", "Chagrian",
#> NA, NA, "Human", "Geonosian", "Mirialan", "Mirialan", "Human",
#> "Human", "Human", "Human", "Clawdite", "Besalisk", "Kaminoan",
#> "Kaminoan", "Human", "Droid", "Skakoan", "Muun", "Togruta", "Kaleesh",
#> "Wookiee", "Human", NA, "Pau'an", "Human", "Human", "Human",
#> "Droid", "Human"), homeworld = c("Tatooine", "Tatooine", "Naboo",
#> "Tatooine", "Alderaan", "Tatooine", "Tatooine", "Tatooine", "Tatooine",
#> "Stewjon", "Tatooine", "Eriadu", "Kashyyyk", "Corellia", "Rodia",
#> "Nal Hutta", "Corellia", "Bestine IV", NA, "Naboo", "Kamino",
#> NA, "Trandosha", "Socorro", "Bespin", "Mon Cala", "Chandrila",
#> NA, "Endor", "Sullust", NA, "Cato Neimoidia", "Coruscant", "Naboo",
#> "Naboo", "Naboo", "Naboo", "Naboo", "Toydaria", "Malastare",
#> "Naboo", "Tatooine", "Dathomir", "Ryloth", "Ryloth", "Aleen Minor",
#> "Vulpter", "Troiken", "Tund", "Haruun Kal", "Cerea", "Glee Anselm",
#> "Iridonia", "Coruscant", "Iktotch", "Quermia", "Dorin", "Champala",
#> "Naboo", "Naboo", "Tatooine", "Geonosis", "Mirial", "Mirial",
#> "Naboo", "Serenno", "Alderaan", "Concord Dawn", "Zolan", "Ojom",
#> "Kamino", "Kamino", "Coruscant", NA, "Skako", "Muunilinst", "Shili",
#> "Kalee", "Kashyyyk", "Alderaan", "Umbara", "Utapau", NA, NA,
#> NA, NA, NA)), row.names = c(NA, -87L), class = c("tbl_df", "tbl",
#> "data.frame"))
```
< sup > Created on 2024-11-05 with [reprex v2.1.1 ](https://reprex.tidyverse.org )</ sup >
### Calculate percentages of subgroups
Principle: `Group` the dataset and `summarize` by counting (`n()`), drop the last group
while doing so, then `mutate` the dataset by adding the count divided by the sum of counts.
Hint to better understand the example: Look at the sexes in black-eyed subjects.
``` r
library(dplyr)
starwars |>
group_by(eye_color, gender) |>
summarize(n = n(), .groups = "drop_last") |>
mutate(p = n/sum(n))
#> # A tibble: 23 × 4
#> # Groups: eye_color [15]
#> eye_color gender n p
#> < chr > < chr > < int > < dbl >
#> 1 black feminine 2 0.2
#> 2 black masculine 8 0.8
#> 3 blue feminine 6 0.316
#> 4 blue masculine 12 0.632
#> 5 blue < NA > 1 0.0526
#> 6 blue-gray masculine 1 1
#> 7 brown feminine 4 0.190
#> 8 brown masculine 15 0.714
#> 9 brown < NA > 2 0.0952
#> 10 dark masculine 1 1
#> # ℹ 13 more rows
```
< sup > Created on 2024-11-05 with [reprex v2.1.1 ](https://reprex.tidyverse.org )</ sup >